List of Abstracts 2016: POSTER SESSION

Decisions about the location of the company or logistic hub are a complex process that requires thorough analysis of various factors. The aim of this paper is to identify the most important factors which influence the location of the storage facility. The classification of warehouses, their function and methods of choosing localization are discussed in the theoretical part of paper. In empirical research, via method of AHP, the attractiveness of the localization of various Polish cities was compared. Selected municipalities were collated in terms of the following criteria: price of land, access to infrastructure and to qualified personnel, costs of labour, access to markets, supplies and sales.

The car manufacturers worldwide are under the roughest business environment. Its sales are affected by a financial crisis that mutes a customer’s ability to buy new cars. Due to those unfavorable conditions it is important to take all available tools in order to mitigate crisis effects. The paper basically describes Supply Chain Management including some types of networks its weaknesses as well as optimization models in automotive industry. As a result of globalization, more and more supply chains originate in low-cost countries, primarily in Asia and Eastern Europe, while largely continuing to terminate in North America and Western Europe. As a result, traditional organizational structures and business practices are being challenged. Next, some suggestions for optimization of the procurement, production, transport and warehouse management is described in the paper.

A description of a complex reality in a simplified form, which can be used in research, constitutes the basic purpose of modelling. A system of city logistics interpreted as a system of elements involved in the flow of people, freight and information in urbanized areas is such a complex picture in urbanized areas. In the modelling process of the system of city logistics, mathematical modelling was used, which consists in the creation of mathematical models of the systems analysed and further in the use of the mathematical apparatus on the stage of experimenting with these models. The article includes the presentation of a model of city logistics together with one of the most important assessment criteria of the model presented of urbanized areas that are essential to users, i.e. travelling costs. This quantity reflects subjective perception of the nuisance of travelling in the urban reality. A reference was made to total travelling costs, where the costs of the realization of travels and the external costs of travels were determined as components.

The water supply system is a set of cooperating engineering objects. The most important objects in this set are: water treatment station, system of pipes, pumping stations and network tanks. Water supply systems form very complex structures, and the location of individual elements should be analyzed in detail at the planning stage of extension. The system of pipes is usually connected with communication routes, while the design of water tanks requires a careful hydraulic analysis, economic analysis and from the point of new of water reserves accumulated in the case of failure or fire. Losses that may arise by the lack of water supply (as a result of failure) may suggest the need to create appropriate reserves of water in particular parts of the system. Adequate height positioning of the tank with a suitable capacity can greatly improve the functioning of the water supply system. This article discusses the expert system created with the use of a decision tree that allows the evaluation of various variants of location for water tanks in the water supply system.

The subject of the publication is the logistics recycling of electronic equipment. The article consists of an introduction, three parts and completion. In the first part of the cycle of life compared with the period of use of mobile phones. This is followed by a recovery value interpreted by the measure of utility. The third section discusses the basic principles of recycling electronic equipment and general concepts that meet the lead role in conducting research. They were quoted basic of them referring to the wording recognized in the basic legal acts, which are Act. In the last quarter of the logistics is presented as a recovery planning process.

The paper is devoted to the timetabling problem and interval synchronization of urban public communication, which is considered as a crucial issue in urban transport networks with long overlapping route segments. The main objective of interval synchronization is to determine the timetable of lines sharing route segments, so that the waiting time between arrivals of consecutive buses can be balanced. Although the experts agree on the objective, different approaches to the interval synchronization problem in urban public communication can be observed. In this paper a review of approaches to this problem are reviewed from the perspective of specific goals adopted, models developed for the problem, and methods used for solving them.

Typical logistic process concerns actions which relate to product delivery to the customer. New approach to environmental protection, especially sustainable development concept forced another step, e.g. after their used, goods move from the customer to the distributor or to the manufacturer who has to organize shipping not only of the defective product, testing the product, dismantling, repairing, but also, what is important in this case, recycling or disposal of used product. It is very important especially in the case of packaging. Packaging should follow the 3R's hierarchy: reduce, reuse, recycle. Reusable packaging systems require a closed-loop logistics system. The first step of this logistic system is well organized segregation of packaging. To achieve good segragation people should be aware of problem with packaging waste. In Poland, like in other coutries of european Union, waste segragation, not only packaging waste, is demanded. In the paper process of packaging waste segragation in Poland, connection with eco-logistics and reverse logistics, its organization in Poland were presented.

The aim of the paper is identification of the area of logistics customer service in selected enterprise as conditional on market success of the research entity, with particular reference to the level of logistic customer service processes in the assessment of the enterprise’s customers. The research method applied was the Servqual method, which allowed among others for evaluation and clarification of the customers’ expectations level towards the quality of service offered by the company. Specific objectives of the research was to establish the expectations of the customers’ in reference to the ideal logistics customer service, to compare expectations with realized level of logistics customer service and to determine the areas requiring changes in the enterprise.

The paper presents the graphic production planning in dental offices and technical laboratories. In the paper, the two typical scheduling tools (flow char and Gantt chart) have been used. Charts allows to schedule tasks at the prosthetic restoration manufacturing process, thereby coordinating the work of the two cooperating departments: a dentist and technical laboratory. The importance of prosthetic restoration execution scheduling has been pointed and the stages which may arise delay of execution have been determined.

The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of project team operation in supply chains. The authors concentrated on issues such as the composition of project teams, their size, the way of team management, the tools used for managing the team, as well as on the object of their operation and the extent of reaching the objectives within a supply chain. The paper concentrates particularly on project teams having non-organizational character (whose members are the employees of at least two enterprises within a supply chain). The results of a survey conducted in twenty supply chains located in Poland are presented in the paper.

The driver behaviours are one of the crucial determinant for the transportation system functioning, especially within the city. They are shaped mainly by driver’s individual perception of reality. Many examples from literature shows, that the perception is strongly associated with a human perception. The process of analysis and understanding of factors affecting driver perception can help with planning more effective and safer transportation facilities, i.e. road infrastructure. The driver reaction time is a parameter which describes a perception and directly affectsthe road safety. Thus the ability and required accuracy of its measurement is an important element in traffic modeling. In this work the results of microscopic traffic simulation for selected Cracow artery have been presented, considering the fluctuations of the mentioned above parameter . The aim of the studies was to analyse the impact of reaction parameter changes on traffic simulation effectiveness. As a result, the importance of potential measurement error of driver reaction time has been presented. Furthermore the effects of conducted research shows the significance level of impact reaction parameter measurement error on the urban traffic simulation model, which is very often a basis for future planning of transportation system elements. The calculations have been performed for selected traffic parameters in the context of statistic compatibility of the model by the use of Aimsun software.

The paper presents formal model of warehousing process based on selection of technologically plausible material flow itineraries according to time of realization and space, labour and equipment resources constrains. The model includes structure of supplies and shipments from warehousing facility, groups of materials and types of logistics units. It can be applied to assessment of efficiency or reliability of warehousing processes depending on the formulated criteria function.

Production processes (PP) consist of continuous and discrete types of technology operation, transport, manipulation and storing processes regards the flow of material and also the equipment and machines. Other specifics are: long production cycles, great inertia, tree structure of production processes (from roots up to the leaves), high level of investments etc. These characteristics resulted in some specifics of production logistics. This article deals with these specifics and explains it using the conditions of production processes. For process approach it is important that outputs and their Quality & Quantity match the inputs. The principle of Q & Q is about the responsibility of a systems approach.

Paper presents an analysis of the logistics system. The analysis covered the production system manufacture of cement. Logistics system, which was analyzed consists of the delivery, the preparation and distribution of cement. Analysis of stream flow values has been made and identify areas of improvement of the system.

Utilization of alternative fuels in transport is promoted in many EU documents and regulations. A document which has an impact on the development of infrastructure for alternative fuels is the Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, which establishes a common framework for measures relating to infrastructure development of alternative fuels in the EU. The research problem, which is described in this paper, concerns the designing of the infrastructure network for alternative fuels in urban areas. Proposed research method and its versatility allows for use it to designing the infrastructure network both EV vehicles charging points and refuelling points for NGV vehicles in urban areas. The results obtained in the simulation experiments suggest the possibility of their use in development of national policy framework for actions in support development of the market of alternative fuels in Poland.

Under the term “structure of logistic costs” percentage of individual cost items over the total costs is understood. The structure shows the dependence of particular cost elements on production volume. Changes in the cost structure express continuous changes in economics, technology, and organisation of production. Therefore, the cost structure is an important indicator of corporate work analysis. It is important from the perspective of cost planning, especially when planning cost reduction and it is also critical for the specification of the ways costs are reduced.
The structure of logistic costs is determined by different factors, of which one group arises from objective conditions and other group from the character of corporate work.
Logistic costs include a group of costs, which react the same way on any changes in values of certain affecting quantities. Logistic costs further include items, which, when calculating production costs, remain hidden, i.e. not taken into consideration.
The goal of each logistic activity is to optimise logistic outputs using logistic components, logistic services and logistic costs.

The article is devoted to customer service in the supply chain. Dynamic changing market conditions and trends in supply chains force the improvement of customer service. The first part presents the definition of customer service and supply chain. The article presents selected standards of customer service on the example of the automotive industry. The essence of customer service manufacturer of automotive components is the need to fulfill the requirements of car manufacturers. The main factors of customer service in this company are such elements as; time, reliability, communication, convenience. The aim of this article is to present the elements of customer service for example automotive components manufacturer. In the analyzed elements of the supply chain, customer service is understood as the ability to meet customer needs, particularly as to time and place ordered supplies.The results of this article may be useful to anyone who wishes to use the service of the company and looking for its evaluation.

This paper presents results of tests done in one of the prototype centre of automotive company. The researchers focused on reliability of labelling made of label printer. At the beginning of the article it has been hypothesized that there is a need of protecting of label printed in prototype shop because of damage possibility during transportation between operating stands. Authors try to justify the hypothesis using the results of case study. The summary of these studies ware used to increase satisfaction of plant management and customer. Recommendations prepared based on the analysis are focused on improving of the visibility of letters on the label.

The subject of this paper is describing what the virtualization of supply chains means for the functioning of logistics compa-nies. Attention shall be paid to what virtualization is and how it is used with respect to logistics, but also, what are the ad-vantages of its application in supply chains.

This article is focused on the issue of internal packaging logistics in a manufacturing company. The object of the study is internal packaging management and intensification of the use of storage space. This article aims to analyse the current state of warehouses occupancy and used packaging and design solutions to increase utilization of internal packaging and more efficient use of warehouse space. On the basis of this analysis a set of recommendations was compiled, including the use of new internal packaging sizes, rules for the use of individual packaging sizes and implementation plan, including the necessary organizational and technical measures. The use of applied methodology in the manufacturing enterprises in general is also discussed.

World-Class manufacturing was the term introduced for referring to the goal of achieving and/or sustaining World-Class competitiveness through manufacturing excellence, attained through best practices. The mission of World-Class manufacturing is to bring manufacturing closer to the market by eliminating waste. This mission is translated into reality through the objectives of cost reduction, quantity control, quality assurance and respect for humanity. During the last 20 years the concept of WCM has evolved by changing its basic pillars. The article deals with the changes in the perception and construction of the concept. The author proposed the 3^rd generation concept of WCM system based on agility.

Up to now, all the supply chain concepts (LARG, SCM 2.0, Sustainable) have been solving the efficiency of satisfying customer wishes in the supply chain by analysing the efficiency of particular chains or its interactions. The most important practices and methodologies were integration, process management, production value added, automation, leanness, agility, resiliency etc. responding to the actual business environment. The potential of these attitudes have been almost exhausted. Thanks to the system thinking, discovered in 50´s, there is the opportunity to use the new methodology, solving supply chains not only as interacting parts but as the unified whole with the one goal, KPI and methodology. This new concept supports not only doing things right but even during the right things. The whole, Whole Chain Management (WCM), could efficiently and effectively solve problems, such as partial optimizations, partial KPI´s, management of separated parts instead of unified wholes, solving of the opposing goals either in one department or chain in supply chain, etc. None of them has been systematically solved yet. The new methodology could complement analytical approach by synthetic approach solving the properties of the wholes and its utilization for the management of all operational, tactical and strategic processes guaranteeing successful business results – satisfied customers.

To evaluate the efficiency of transport subsystem in complex logistics structures it should be assessed in terms of quantitative and valuable assessment. The quantitative assessment of its efficiency testify such indicators as performed tonne-kilometers, the number of items handled, the actual working time of transport, the quantity of goods carried, transport costs per tonne-kilometer and per consignment, utilization of working time and transport capacities owned means of transport. The article indicated, that the systemic approach to the assessment, large role play the technical aspects. They take into account the issues, among others: rational use of means of transport, effective operation and their renewal, maximizing the utilization of means of transport, minimizing empty runs.

This paper deals with multi factor analysis to obtain more reliable forecast. The sale is influenced very strongly by the prices of offered products especially in retails. And thus, the aim of the paper is to show, how the forecasted volume could be influenced by the price expectation in near future.

The paper is devoted to the selected heuristics for lot-sizing and scheduling problem for identical parallel machines. The lot-sizing and scheduling problem is a well-known problem in industrial engineering and logistics management, since it is crucial for inventory control and production planning. In 1913 the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) concept was presented and the EOQ model was developed – it was a very useful tool for production and purchase planning, however, it simplified the reality significantly. Over the last century lot-sizing and scheduling problem was examined and numerous more advanced models, which consider multiple aspects of manufacturing process, were developed. In this paper a review of approaches to lot-sizing and scheduling problem are reviewed from the perspective of specific goals adopted, models developed for the problem, and methods used for solving them.

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance of the reliability of the selected links of the logistics chain. For companies operating on the steel market, this means the need to develop new terms of cooperation based on different segments of customers. Logistics operators are those links that fall within the structure of efficient logistics chains. In order to meet market expectations, steel plants must be in possession of the tools to verify the different links forming part of their respective logistic chains.
To verify the research objective, the following theoretical tools were used: analysis, synthesis, generalizations, comparisons. In terms of practical methods, the following found application: observation method (collecting information about the partners of Huta Małapanew Sp. z o.o.’s logistics chain, interviews with employees, determining interferences within and between the links) as well as calculation method and analytical method (analysis of the results of measurements, determining the amount of acceptable interferences, Delphi method).
Tangible benefits of the conducted research include the development of a catalog of possible interferences that must be taken into account when recruiting new partners of the logistics chain of the steel industry.
The article, based on the research conducted in the selected links of the logistics chain of the steel industry, has shown that the piling-up of issues in one partner generates issues with other partners. This results in an additional increase in costs and longer time to remove and restore the stability of the production and logistics system. The study accounts for the factors contributing to the occurrence of interferences. A method of evaluation of logistics operators was proposed, with the aim of minimizing interferences in the chain.

The paper presents logistic aspects of procedures connected to complaints against deliverers of aluminium coils that are used in production process of beverage cans. The process of shaping a body of a can from aluminium stripes is exceptionally precise and thus, the material has to meet standardised requirements. Any deviations from the standards may cause several problems in the process from increased number of jams in a press to the damage of shaping tools or problems with mechanical parameters of final products. The procedure of complaints consists of several stages that involve transport of the withdrawn coils and the exchange of documentation between various departments in a company and its deliverer’s representatives. The paper shows the path that is defined by the procedure of complaints accompanied by its formal representation in documentation. The path is illustrated from the moment when the problematic coil is transported to a production line and first problems appear to the acceptance of the complaint and the moment when the problematic coil is collected by a deliverer.

Manufacturing companies should focus more on improving customer perspectives by providing diversified value-added product–service offerings as well as developing close long-term partnership with customers. Buyer-supplier relationships are therefore critical for successfully providing services. Nonetheless, buyer–supplier relationships in servitized contexts have received little research attention until recently. This study analyses the linkages between the types of services (product-centric and knowledge-centric services) that manufacturers deliver to their customers and key network capabilities required. To explore the causal relationships a DEMATEL technique is adopted. Sample of companies included Polish steel service centres, logistics providers and providers of industrial automation and information products.

The nature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and expectations around disclosures in this area are rapidly changing. In addition, nowadays companies are increasingly encouraged to explore and report details about impacts in the entire supply chain. The environmental dimension of CSR concerns the company’s inputs and outputs as well as diverse product and service-related environmental impacts. This article presents the analysis of CSR reporting in Poland in order to identify the current scope and specificity of disclosures of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices. The results of empirical research have shown that CSR reports in Poland depict quite extensive activities and indicators related to implementation of cleaner technologies and environmental friendly processes. There is much less information on requirements for suppliers and subcontractors to maintain relevant environmental standards, inclusion of environmental criteria in supplier selection, consideration of environmental issues in selection of transport modes and distribution channels or commitment to environmental protection in marketing activities. However, disclosures of actions that concern life cycle assessments of products and services or incorporation of environmental criteria into process of design and development of products and services are extremely rare. This means that extensive part of CSR reporting companies in Poland do not pay sufficient attention to comprehensive disclosures of GSCM practices so far. This proves that a great deal of GSCM issues are not perceived by them as significant impacts.

In the study, the analysis of key factors in the selection of Virtual Factory approach as a decision support tool for improvement of logistics systems and processes was presented. Virtual Factory approach refers to an integrated model including variety of methodologies, tools and software. A review of the literature was conducted and the most important methods and Virtual Factory development stages were presented. It should be noted that the main purpose of development of those models is the independent development of the individual units in the enterprise and their continuous improvement. In the paper the ways of modelling of Virtual Factory with combination with companies’ supply chains were also discussed.

The growing scarcity of natural resources and increase of consumption have resulted in the adoption of an ambitious Circular Economy Package. It has to contribute to "closing the loop" of product life cycles through more recycling and greater re-use of waste generated through entire life cycle. Moving towards a more circular economy is becoming crucial issue to pursue resource efficiency economy and underpin priorities related to the Europe 2020 strategy. Implementation of circular economy goals fits perfectly to the concept of reverse logistics aiming at ensuring that the products after use and any waste generated in product life cycle are recycled and reused if it is feasible. This means the necessity of modernizing waste policy and treating waste as a resource. In order to improve the benefits gained from the better waste management, the European Commission has proposed municipal waste targets for a move to a recycling society. Therefore, this article analyzes actions and goals that have been accomplished and planned in Poland in the aforementioned subject area. In particular, the reuse and recycling rates of municipal waste and the recycling rate for packaging waste, including specific materials, have been presented and discussed. The barriers that should be overcome for effective implementation of new required solutions have been also described.

The observed in recent times cost-oriented approach based on reliability of technical systems operations enforces engineering staff to implement modern attitude in facility maintenance oriented towards preventive inspections as well as continual supervision over the technical condition of machines and equipment. An example of such approach can be a facility management system established by American aviation and arms industry oriented on RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance). RCM method is of particular importance in technical systems connected with public safety where even the slightest human error or an unexpected failure leads to important consequences. The concept based on RCM makes it possible to be increasingly applied in automotive and electronic industry as well as in specialized branches such as Facility Management.

The reward system is one of the fundamental elements influencing the managers’ motivation in most companies. Development of such a system is usually long and expensive task, and the final result is very sensitive to unfairness and mistakes. For that reasons, the authors propose a specific set of processes to build the functional and efficient reward system. The aim of the article is to propose reward system methodology for manufacturing companies, which will allow creation of the system based on appropriate set of selected KPIs. The methodology is validated on example from automotive industry.

Urban development and the influx of people causes new problems posed in front of city authorities. Good solutions are those used in the area of logistics. Thus, the new direction of development of logistics that is dedicated to aglomeration- city logistics. The management of cities, and especially practices in the field of city logistics have an impact not only on the quality of life of residents, but also on the influx of new investors. It could be for example road infrastructure, technical infrastructure, accessibility to the most important routes, the focus of other entities and partners in the area of supply chains have an impact on location of businesses. It becomes important to manage effectively logistics in cities and in creating good conditions for the creation of new enterprises, which stand to benefit agglomerations themselves, as well as residents.The aim of the article is to present solutions for city logistics, which favor the influx of new investors. This analysis will be presented on the basis of the Lubuskie Province. Article is a literatural - empirical, is based on the analysis of literature, reports and research carried out for the authorities Lubuskie Province.

The aim of this article is to assess and analyze inventory management in commercial enterprises creating a branch purchasing group. The article discusses the principles of the purchasing groups and an organization of logistics in this type of groups. It shows the strengths of the purchasing groups as well as the disadvantages of this type of organization. The role of the central unit in the organization of supply was featured. There were also discussed strategies and methods of inventory management in companies operating within the studied purchasing group. In the article the impact of each strategy on the financial situation of enterprises was analyzed. For the study there were used selected financial ratios and financial preliminary analysis. The enterprises analyzed are Polish business units operating in the construction industry. The analysis was made on the basis of the financial statements for the years 2011-2015.

Firms are constantly looking for the ways and solutions leading to business competitive advantage creation. One of the most effective and efficient solutions of getting and maintaining sustained, long-term competitive advantage by a firm is to implement customer orientation in business management.
First of all, customer orientation – perceived as a key component of market orientation – facilitates identification and fulfilment of a customer’s needs and wants. In the recent years, apart from important place and role within the marketing concept, the customer orientation has been more and more frequently taken into consideration in the logistics concept.
The implementation of customer orientation in business management includes in particular: (1) the identification of customers’ goals, needs and problems, as well as (2) the adjustment of a firm’s offer (products and services) to the unique customer requirements and expectations. The effective and efficient customer orientation implementation in logistics and business management may significantly contribute to market (customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, market share) and economic (profit, profitability, ROI) outcomes achievement by a firm. These outcomes are not only the most significant symptoms of business success, but the basis for business competitive advantage creation as well.
The article attempts to identify: (1) the most important dimensions of customer orientation, (2) the most significant possibilities of “embedding” customer orientation in logistics, as well as (3) the significance of the logistics service in customer orientation development in the context of business competitive advantage creation.

Fluctuations in consumption of stocks (inventory consumption) can significantly influence comprehensive strategies for warehouse management. Stocks (inventory items) always mean the emergence of secondary costs arising from their possession. High fluctuations in consumption of stocks may then cause higher levels of safety stock and thus higher maintenance costs. The current extremely competitive environment is forcing all businesses to constantly look for potential sources of savings. An interesting option is the precise identification of the amount of variability in inventory consumption and subsequent optimization of the amount of warehouse stocks. The article deals with the analysis of the possibility of classifying stocks and experimental analysis of variability in inventory consumption. The analysis of the variability in inventory consumption was carried out within a selected company in the Czech Republic. Conclusions of the research performed are presented in the article content.

Proceeding globalization, increase of competition influence, increasing crisis symptoms, but also new cooperation possibilities are challenging for the companies. They are often related to changes in the strategic and operational management. New business models oriented at creation of value are the manifestation of implemented changes. They allow a company to get a competitive edge and generate income. Purpose of the paper was to present concept of business model of transportation and forwarding company. Business model of this company was treated as a unique architecture of tangible and intangible resources able to generate value. Object of the studies concerned theoretically and practically important scientific problem in the field of logistics, in particular this applies to business modelling of logistic companies. Within the last decade, the issue of constructing business models was very interesting as regards both science and research among foreign and domestic researchers and practical users Subject of the studies was transportation and forwarding company belonging to a capital group of fuel and power sector. The paper presents business model structure of such company and together with assessment of generated value. Balanced Scorecard was used for the measurement purposes.

Transport present important part of economy. Development of transport is influenced by economical severity and speed of roads infrastructure construction. Slovakia has advantageous position in the frame of middle Europe and it is also important European transport joint in the frame of international business. Therefore there is necessary to know cost of transport with aim to determine effective and productive price. Through cost calculation in transport company there was determined possibilities for decreasing of transport cost and optimal solution of transport.

The authors discussed issues concerning the supply chain configuration of metallurgical products and its influence on the level of logistics customer service. The study was undertaken in a selected machine-building enterprise, a manufacturer of machinery and equipment for companies in a hard coal mining sector, to analyse factors determining logistics customer service. The study proved a magnificent importance of a supply chain configuration for the effective execution of logistics processes in make–to-order contracts realised by a selected company. The study indicates that in a competitive environment, further changes in a supply chain structure are crucial for the future of effective activity of an analysed company.

Every year a new annual timetable is being prepared. Under the work on its preparation the organizers of transport together with railway undertakings determine the shape of the transport offer, which will be best suited to the needs of passengers. After that railway undertaking makes an application to the infrastructure manager about putting of the train on the graphic timetable, which is well computerized process. A multitude of factors which should be taken into account during the construction of the offer can cause some mistakes which may have serious consequences. It is therefore necessary to create software tools which will support the work of its designers. The article presents the concept of computer application supporting the work of the rail transport organizers and railway undertakings in shaping the transport offer and its visualization on the graphic trains timetable. The application allows for preparing the offer, graphic timetable and preparing of the offer and its visualization on the graphic timetable. In addition, computer application will allow for introduction on the graphic timetable the transport offer developed by another organizer / railway undertaking and adapting to its shape own offer. The article also shows example of using the application to construct the timetable for the selected railway line.

Transport underpins modern economy and society. Its role is important not only in transfers of goods and services, but also in ensuring the mobility of people. It has however a significant impact on the environment causing air pollution and natural resource depletion. For that reason when the transport modes is chosen, it is important to do it on the basis of their eco-efficiency taking into account the value of externalities generated by them in the life cycle.
This paper presents an analysis of the applicability of environmental life cycle cost to the eco-efficiency analysis of transport modes. For calculating such costs, the method based on LCA results converted into monetary values was proposed. It allows taking into account all externalities generated by transport in the life cycle. The proposed solution complements earlier research work undertaken in this area, because the existing methods often focus on valuation of damages generated only in stage entitled “tank-to-wheels” and often take into account only the valuation of the damages resulting from the emission of substances contained in exhaust gases. It all makes, that the value of the environmental effects determined in this way is undervalued and relatively small compared with financial costs incurred throughout the life cycle of a transport modes. Thus, it has a little importance in the decision-making process. It seems that it should be sought for the solutions allowing the assessment of eco-efficiency, which take into account the total monetary value of the externalities generated by the transport modes in the life cycle.

Since each company can be considered only as a segment of the supply chain, cooperation among all the segments is inevitable. Through cooperation, supply chains can gain competitive advantage and achieve better performance. Competition has shifted to the level of the supply chain. Nowadays, buyers engage in specific types of processes at their suppliers in order to strengthen their cooperation and to improve their performance. It is especially noticeable in automotive industry.
Extant literature on types of cooperation among companies within supply chain provides the foundation for the study. The data collection was conducted through questionnaire. Questionnaire was sent to manufacturing and business companies of all sizes (small, medium and large enterprises) with the representation in the Czech Republic within following sectors: automotive, toys, clothing industry, electronics and pharmaceutical industry.
The results show how the companies develop their cooperation with suppliers and what is significant in different sectors. Majority of the companies prefer close cooperation with suppliers, some of them participate on streamlining of the supplier´s processes and effective sharing of information via information technology systems.

Production company in current demanding market situation has to optimize process of planning deliveries with close cooperation with production team and with support of modern IT tools. Customer need to have goods delivered in promised time, in ordered quantity and in required quality. Ideally planning of production, tracking of production, planning of deliveries and realization of deliveries are covered by one integrated IT solution. But usually this process is split between MES that collect information from production, dedicated planning software and ERP system where deliveries are finally done. This solution can be extended by customer portal where customers can see information related to their orders and plan dispatch of orders that are ready on finished good stock. This article will describe how such a process is designed and what are benefits for company and its customers.

In the manager decisions we experience situations that include simple or complex decisions. Management of companies often must take into account the sequence of decisions in which each decision affects the following decisions. A tool used in solving these types of subsequent decision problems is called dynamic programming.
An integral part of the logistics processes is also loading of goods (products) into the cargo compartment of the vehicle and its shipment to the customer.
This post will deal with optimizing the loading of goods into the limited cargo space vehicle, in order to maximize the value of the cargo.

An intensive growth of population, progressing processes of social and economic development and increasing urbanisation of fast-developing countries considerably contribute to the increase in the amount of the waste produced. Currently, approximately 12 million tonnes of waste are annually produced in Poland. It should be expected that the value is going to increase along with civilisation progress.
This necessitates reasonable decisions to be made within waste management in urban areas. Therefore, a clear increase in the interest in matters associated with the selection of relevant strategies for planning the waste management processes has been noticeable in recent years. Waste management plans assume, among others, the minimisation of the waste amount to be treated, encouragement to reuse and creation of preferences to increase the percentage of recovery processes, recycling in particular.
Waste processing plants are one of the most important elements of municipal waste management system. Achieving the required level of recovery in the coming years will largely depend on selection of an appropriate strategy for waste management systems, which will allow the effective planning of sorting processes. The recovery rate achieved by the plant is determined by the size of the waste stream. An overriding objective of the article is to develop a logistic support model for the waste processing, taking into account integration in the waste supply chain. The model will allow to determine the real level of recovery that the system is able to achieve, depending on the amount of waste delivered for processing and will allow to improve the process of waste collection planning.

Permanent optimization of both process and also costs in all areas of activities is one of the fundamental goals of any company, whether it is in terms of competitiveness and achieving optimal results. Also, the management of logistics processes should lead to an increase in sustainable development and reducing costs of organization. This paper evaluates the interdependence of labour costs and logistics management. Specifically, the ratio of labour costs of warehouse employees and the number of manipulated volume of material and labour costs to the total volume of production. Evaluation of this interdependence is implemented for a period of five years, and during this time a new logistics tool Milk-run was implemented in terms of managing logistics processes.

The paper focuses on one important human element of logistic chains – sales representatives. Their position does not enable instant control and leadership of their supervisors such as in office positions, nor is such supervision desirable for ambitious sales representatives who prefer a certain level of autonomy. For their managers, it is necessary to find goal-oriented but still strongly encouraging motivation tools. This paper presents the specifics of the work of sales representatives and based on these it recommends the most effective and up-to-date motivation techniques.

In today's busy world, industrial enterprises are trying to innovate not to lose their competitive advantage and to match the competition. The global environment makes constant innovation an imperative. Industrial enterprises are trying to innovate their products, processes or business strategy, which entail high costs. This paper explores the innovative activities of industrial enterprises, the costs associated with the introduction of these innovations and looks at the brand new innovative direction of the German economy in the industry.

The organization of public transport is an important element of a sustainable transport policy in the region. This is particularly relevant and important to the organization of transport in areas with a high degree of urbanization, for example Silesian Agglomeration. The article presents an analysis of connections organized by KZK GOP on the route allowing access from Katowice city to one of the smaller towns (Pyskowice) located in the Silesian Agglomeration.

The company's strategy created in the context of strategic planning is the key to long-term direction of the company, for production, marketing, investment, and human resources decisions. Generally, it is possible to identify a number of objectives and their particular specifications, which can be identified with regard to the strategic areas of the company. One of them is an effort to achieve reducing negative impacts on the environment at the lowest cost and in the shortest time. This area is solved by means of Green Supply Chain Strategy (GSCS). The aim of the paper is to design a conceptual framework for GSCS formulation and implementation. The framework is based on the Balanced Score Card methods.

The paper presents results of research carried out under one of the SIMMAG3D project tasks. Main goal of the project is to prepare system for modelling and 3D visualization of warehouse facilities. Accordingly, in the paper the main attention was paid to the problems of modelling warehouse process in various types of logistic objects. Presented approach to modelling warehouse process which allows to carrying simulation researches of selected subprocesses and activities. The model includes transformations of loads and information related with them. Importantly developed model will be compatible with WMS, which will be source of data needed to the simulation studies. In paper, authors identified basic elements of the warehouse processes in selected organizational and functional variants of warehouses. These elements were also shown as a blocks of material and information transformation. For these transformation blocks was determined sets of required inputs, outputs, as well as the necessary resources and control.

In recent years intermodal transport is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of transport services. From year to year increases the number of transhipped integrated cargo units in the world. Crucial part of intermodal infrastructure are transshipment terminals, which are both handling points and storages for integrated loading units. To transport the cargo smoothly in relation door- to – door, inland terminals, as a point infrastructure should work reliably. The article is about the issue of reliability of the intermodal terminal land in the context of the information flow and its role in the proper implementation of the processes.

This paper presents the algorithm for designating the number of the transshipment vehicles in the cross-docking system. The problem of minimizing the number of vehicles was presented in a mathematical way. For the examined problem the decision variables, limits and the function of criterion were determined. The scientific work carried out in the frame of PBS 3 project "System for modeling and 3D visualization of storage facilities" (SIMMAG3D) financed by the NCBR.

Logistics is now becoming the key factor of competitiveness for many enterprises. It does not only result from economic reasons but is also the effect of stricter environmental protection requirements. The requirements are increasing with advancements in the development of tools that enable assessment of the environmental impact of products in their full life cycle. This involves the manufacturer's greater environment-wise responsibility for the product in the entire supply chain, which makes it necessary to consider solutions that will lessen the environmental impact at the earliest possible stages of the product design. A constant need arises to support enterprises in eco-design and to conduct research in this field to improve the eco-design methodological and organizational aspects. This paper discusses selected issues and challenges of the logistics process eco-design. In order to put a more practical perspective on the problems under consideration, it also presents a case study of eco-design towards logistics processes optimization using the SimaPro – a tool that assists in the product life cycle assessment. An environmental analysis of three eco-design variants is presented with a comparison of solutions applied to the assembly and disassembly of the turbine stator blades.

Nowadays, more and more often is emphasized the legitimacy of the use of simulation techniques in the design of logistics systems. With this in mind, the article proposes a procedure for the design of these systems, including simulation research. An important element of the developed procedure is the generation of the initial solution using classical design and optimization methods. This makes, that the decision maker, for the tested logistics system, can more quickly get a solution that meets accepted functional and efficiency criteria. Application of the developed procedure is illustrated in the example of the research project SIMMAG3D. Description of the developed model was preceded by analysis results of literature on methods to support the design of logistics systems and selected tools for simulation research of logistics processes. It has been shown here that these approaches – especially when used separately – in many cases turn out to be insufficient.

Warehouse is of the basic elements of the supply chain. It is a transportation node where cargo is temporarily stored. The processes in the warehouses refer to cargo flow and consists of the external vehicle unloading process, receiving, storage, order picking, shipping, and external vehicle loading.
The warehouse process speed depends among others on the external vehicle loading and unloading. That is why the loading/unloading areas are so important in the warehouse. This areas are called the front load. The technology of the front load depend on the cargo type as well as the internal transport machines and vehicles
The choice of the proper loading area technology influences the warehouse process efficiency. That is why the efficient loading/unloading needs the optimal parameters of this area. Thus, the choice of the front load technological solution is one of the important stages of the cargo flow in the warehouse. It has a decisive influence on the quality of work carried out in the warehouse and the costs associated with the use of a particular type of technological solution of the loading/unloading area.
The article presents the problem of the warehouse front load shaping, depending on the technical-operational characteristics of the external transport vehicles.
For the given assumptions, a few variants of technological solutions of the cargo front load were proposed.
For the analysis of different variants of technological solutions of the front load authors used the service time and costs criteria.

In the paper spare parts inventory management issues in the multi-echelon structures are discussed. Differences between spare parts and finished products inventories have been pointed out and discussed as well as differences between single-echelon and multi-echelon inventory optimization and structure. Current state of art analysis has been prepared as well as proposed future research directions.

The paper presents elements of simulation studies on productivity and costs of Pallet Radio Shuttle racking systems with remote-controlled satellite pallet trucks. This racking system is characterized by high space utilization, virtually unlimited length of pallet lines and limited stock selectivity. It requires remote-controlled satellite trucks which are perceived as very expensive. The problem of determining rational number of satellite trucks and racking configuration is still not properly investigated. Presented research concerns selecting and analysing technical and organizational parameters of Pallet Radio Shuttle racking systems. For this purpose the simulation model in FlexSim environment was developed to simulate processes in various configurational and organizational variants. The main evaluation criteria embraced processing times, system readiness and investment expenditures. Carried research allowed for formulating some designing guidelines and constrains for investigated technology.

In order to reduce the negative effects of logistics services a lot of attention has recently been directed towards the concept of green supply chains. Some of companies in the supply chains boast about managing them in an environmentally friendly manner and publicly inform about their “green” practices.
In that regard, the information from the Polish market are rather scarce. So, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse the links between the “green” requirements of consumers and the ability of logistics operators and freight forwarders to satisfy those needs and to design logistics operations that are aligned with the environmental objectives and targets.
This analysis is based on a desk study research, content analysis as well as a survey among logistics providers and freight forwarders acting in Poland. It also provides numerous real-world examples, which have been classified for the purpose of clarity. The questionnaire has been designed to give answers to, among others, the following questions: (a) Do the customers express their need or preference for supply chains or specific logistics process with the least negative impact on the environment? (b) Is the environmental factor considered a competitive advantage and an added value to the logistics services?

The paper is about the knowledge logistics, transfer of tangible and intellectual property, expertise, learning and skills between academia and the non-academic community. Innovations are essential for economic growth and development and are major determinants of long-term improvements in income and living standards. Innovation is one of the three elements of the Knowledge Triangle: education, research, innovation. The Knowledge Triangle aims are to create an interaction between education, research and innovation thereby creating the conditions for increased relevance and utilization of universities’ activities – results of research and developmental work. Today, no one can imagine building a competitive economy without focusing on academic community, achievements of researchers and PhD students as a basic potential source of new knowledge.
Technology transfer and commercialization process provides a significant driving force for enhancing economic growth and societal wellbeing. One of the ways of implementing the latest scientific discoveries into industrial practice, and thus building an innovative economy, is to establish efficiently managed, continually developing spin-offs.
The objective of this publication is to show changes in the Polish higher education system which contribute to the growth of technology transfer and commercialization of knowledge. It focuses on the creation of spin-off companies which has become an important mechanism for the university to commercialize research results. Individually design university tech-transfer ecosystem actively supports the process of turning a business idea and a technology into a new and promising company, ideas to market. This paper describes models of how technology transfer activities are configured in University of Science and Technology AGH in Krakow. The author’s intention was to present the process of creation of academic start-ups.

The aim of the paper is to present the possibility of application the theory of fuzzy sets to support warehouse management. The basic issues relating to the fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic as well as an example of the construction of fuzzy model in combination with the ABC/XYZ analysis is presented. The created model allowed the reorganization of the allocation of goods in the warehouse of electric parts with the aim of improving the process of orders picking.

Military Branches Economic is a specialized unit of the budget, which is administered by the budgetary resources third degree, created in order to implement the tasks of the financial and economic to military units stationed on the territory of one or several garrisons. Their organizational structure allows for full implementation of the tasks of the current security activity in the garrison. The main criterion for the functioning of the Military Division of the Economic efficient implementation of the tasks required to maintain combat readiness and mobilization hedged troops.

The purpose of this paper is to present logistics management, which occurs in transport enterprises in Lubuskie. These companies provide services which are part of a complex supply chain. Analysis of logistic processes was made in small, medium and large enterprises. As a result of the study indicated the importance of these logistics activities, which seek to develop their potential logistics.
The logistic systems transport plays a fundamental role, which is why attempt is made to verify the logistics management processes.
Transportation companies face a number of problems, including the search for new solutions in acquiring new customers, trying to overtake its position in the local market. Currently, the market is demanding transport to their customers, which is why it is so important logistic management in these enterprises.

Risk management is a vital process in all complex logistics project management. We discuss the concept of early warning system dedicated to logistics project, which enable management under the conditions of uncertainty and risk. The complexity and uniqueness of the logistics projects as well as the discontinuity of the effects in the environment of goods and services, significantly impact the inability to eliminate the risks and subsequently lead to changes during execution. The introduction into the enterprise and supply chains things such as: principles, methods, mechanisms of knowledge management and project risk, e.g. by implementing into the logistics project management the early warning systems can minimize the impact of unexpected, at the stage of initiation of the project, negative phenomena. Early information concerning risks enables to eliminate effectively later problems, in meeting the logistics project's schedule and budget, simultaneously constitutes a potential source of opportunities to accelerate the project implementation and / or project implementation below the assumed budget. The model of the dedicated early warning system should help policy-makers at the stage of the logistics project's planning and implementation, enabling undertaking decisions regarding its accomplishment and elaboration of the response plan in the case of appearance of a particular type of risk and / or opportunity. Early warning system should aid logisticians with project management undertaken in an enterprise or in a supply chain. The developed approach extends previous work by the authors.

Logistics is increasingly seen as an integrated management system of the circulation structure of goods, products and information in the conditions of expanding the scale of company operations, extending the logistics chain, intensifying competition and the growing importance of customer service. Today's companies need to combine the efficiency and competitiveness of business in the global market with sensitivity to the needs of local customers. To provide it, logistics companies need to look for new solutions, which aim to constant control and improvement of the customer service process. Their key task is the measurement of the quality of customer service.
In practice survey of customer satisfaction is most often used. However, the observation of practice shows many disadvantages of such a solution. Customers often do not want to get involved in the assessment mainly from a lack of conviction of their impact on changing treatment by the company. Often obtained information is accurate only in cases of negative experiences with the cooperation of the logistics company.
This paper proposes a system for measuring the quality of customer service dedicated to logistics companies. It is based on a set of indicators of the most important areas of customer service. They enable rapid and constant control of the customer service process. In the presented solution pays particular attention to indicators related to the strategic objectives of the company. The implementation of the presented solution leads to increase the quality of customer service and improve its competitiveness on the market.

The paper presents identification of problems during the implementation of lean concept in enterprises in Poland. On the case, the manufacturer of semi-trailers car there was assessesed the influence of lean tools for logistics processes in the production area. Based on studies compilation of problems in the implementation and operation of selected lean tools were presented. Additionally statement of effectiveness of selected tools in the analyzed company was developed.

The article depicts the use of the BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) in the graphic presentation of the quality flow in the production processes. The main purpose of this project was to conduct a validation of the material flow in the separated production subsystem as well as the identification of the areas which generates the biggest quality loss. The BPMN enables the realization of business processes’ maps and the use of software tools can help with building the model and conducting the validation processes. In further steps there is also a possibility to run a simulation in the different conditions. In the article author focuses on the first step of modelling – the mapping of the representative production process including quality aspects.

Nowadays, decision support systems play an increasingly important role. On the one hand, they allow for complex design taking into account several boundary conditions. On the other hand, they reduce the risk of making mistakes that can have more or less serious consequences. One of these tools is the system SIMMAG3D developed under a project financed by the NCBR. The tool allows for designing and visualization in 3D of warehouse facilities. The article presents the functionality of the system SIMMAG3D and need for data of its individual elements. Due to the large amount of data and the fact that they come from different subject areas, the most convenient tool for their collection are databases. The article presents the concept of the database for the system with its structure and catalogs, from which will come data to the work of individual modules. In addition, we discussed relational character of data between different functional modules.